Roofing is not merely an act of covering a building or a structure to protect it from the elements. It is an intricate system designed to deal with multiple aspects of nature like weather conditions, temperature fluctuations, sunlight, and even noise. A roofing system is a gamut of materials and components that, when expertly combined, provide a shield that is aesthetic, durable, and resilient.

The science behind roofing systems is a balance of physics, engineering, and material sciences. The dynamics of wind, the thermal properties of materials, their reactions to UV light and weather conditions - all these factors play a pivotal role in roofing systems. It's these scientific principles that dictate why certain roofing systems work better under specific geographical conditions, while others may not.

Firstly, let's talk about the integral components of a roofing system. A typical roofing system comprises of five essential elements: the roof deck, underlayment, roof covering, flashing, and drainage system. Each component functions integrally to create a harmonious whole.

• The roof deck, generally made from plywood or oriented strand board (OSB), provides the foundational layer for the rest of the roofing system.
• The underlayment, typically composed of a water-resistant material like asphalt-saturated felt, acts as a secondary barrier protecting against water and wind penetration.
• The roof covering is the outermost layer, and it's usually the component people are most familiar with. This could be made of various materials such as asphalt shingles, metal, tiles, or wood shakes, chosen based on the climate, budget, and aesthetic requirements.
• Flashing, usually a metal strip, is applied at intersections and joints to prevent water seepage.
• Finally, the drainage system ensures that water runoff is directed away from the structure, preventing potential damage.

Now, let's delve into the physics of this construction. The fundamental principle that roofing systems operate under is the second law of thermodynamics: heat always travels from a warmer body to a colder body until equilibrium is achieved. This is why proper insulation and ventilation are paramount in roofing design. They manage heat transfer, thereby keeping the internal temperature of a structure comfortable while minimizing energy spend.

Additionally, the Bernoulli Principle, which states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in static pressure, also plays a critical role in roofing systems, particularly in regions with heavy wind. This principle influences the design and installation of roofing materials to minimize the risk of wind uplifting the roof covering.

Material science also greatly influences the choice of roofing materials. The choice is guided by understanding the physical and chemical properties of materials, considering factors like durability, permeability, thermal conductivity, reflectivity, and tensile strength. For example, metal roofs, with their high reflectivity and emissivity, are well-suited for areas with intense sunlight as they minimize heat absorption, thereby reducing cooling costs.

Furthermore, the economics of supply and demand in the construction industry also plays a role in roofing system choices. The availability, cost, and transport of materials are all significant considerations when choosing a roofing system—cheaper, locally available materials may sometimes be preferred over more expensive or hard-to-transport alternatives.

The knowledge of law is also critical in the roofing industry. Building codes and regulations vary from place to place, and non-compliance can result in legal ramifications. These laws could dictate the type of material, the slope of the roof, or the method of installation used. Thus, understanding and abiding by these codes is vital in ensuring a safe and legally compliant structure.

To sum up, a roofing system is a complex concoction of science, engineering, economics, and law, all working in tandem to protect a structure and its inhabitants from the elements. It's a sophisticated system that goes far beyond mere aesthetics, taking into consideration various factors like weather conditions, thermal transfer, material properties, cost, and legal regulations. The mastery of this orchestration is what separates a proficient roofer from the rest.